Scientific Research Journal, Volume II, Issue XI, November 2014 Edition

Scientific Research Journal

Scirj Volume II, Issue XI, November 2014 Edition
ISSN: 2201-2796

Publication starts: 25th November 2014
Full Paper available from: 25th November 2014

Realization of Shariah Wage Principle to Create Harmony Industrial Relation in Indonesia
Dian Ferricha, Thohir Luth, Abdul Rachmad Budiono, Sihabuddin

Abstract: Wage is crucial for working relationship between labor and employer and also an important part in industrial relationship. Realization of sharia wage principle could be made as foundation in the making of positive law in wage area that contain concrete value to become legal rule and norm in the form of statues. There are general principle in labor policies in Indonesia that is integration principle, though it did not specifically reflect Moslem majority labor condition in Indonesia. This study used normative juridical with philosophical and statutes approach using discussion result with realization of sharia wage principle in legal rule in Indonesia that consist of divinity principle, justice principle, expedience principle, nation responsibility principle, punctuality principle and kinship principle. From this realization of sharia wage princple there were several substance similarity though not exactly the same with basic substance in sharia wage principle. However, if this sharia wage principle realization was developed from twelve legal rules in wage area in Indonesia, thus industrial relationship would be more harmony since it is accord with Moslem majority of labor condition in Indonesia.

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Page 1-8

Explanation of Lifestyle Habits: Simple Evaluation of Smoking Habits and Physical Activity Pattern for Adults
Mohammed S. Ellulu, Marwan O. Jalambo, Suha Baloushah, Yehia Abed

Abstract: Smoking and physical activities are types of lifestyle habits can affect directly the quality of life and may interfere with health states.

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Page 9-11

Ethnicity, Religion and the future of Nigerian Democracy
Sunday M.A. Aloko

Abstract: Nigeria’s ruling elites are guilty of deliberately promoting the social fragmentation that creates, feeds and reinforces religious and ethnic identities to the exclusion of civic and national identities throughout the democratization process of the country. This situation breeds mutual distrusts and tensions culminating into frequent ethnic and religious violence, which leads to the wanton destruction of lives and property and doubts over the future of democracy and even the future of the polity. This paper is a critical attempt to analyze the challenges ethnic and religious politics poses to the continuing existence of the Nigerian Nation-State and its democracy. The paper contends that ethnic and religious differences are not the problem per se, except for the manipulation of these identities by the political juggernauts and the fertile ground unemployment, poverty, injustices, inequitable distribution of resources leading to uneven development in the country. The colonial ideology of divide and rule inherited by the post-colonial state has been identified as the root cause of the problem. Thus, the paper argues that unless the challenges of ethnicity and religion are grasped and adequately addressed, it could tear Nigeria apart, serving sectarian religious and ethnic interest.

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Page 12-18

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Block Sex Ratio
HENDERSON William J., PURBA Olivia., PURBA Hana Immanuella, TJEUW Juliana

Abstract: Block Sex Ratio (BSR) is an operational or commercial measure of the number of palms producing fruit relative to palm planting density for any given period. It is different to the oil palm sex ratio which is a biological measure that calculates the number of female inflorescences relative to the total number of inflorescences. Three blocks were assessed and compared; two younger, adjacent blocks (A and B) and one older block (C). Block A had a BSR average of 29.9 (40 bunches) calculated over four years, BSR maximum of 48 (65 bunches), and BSR minimum of 14 (19 bunches). Block B had a BSR average of 19 (26 bunches) also calculated over four years, BSR maximum of 32 (44 bunches), and BSR minimum of 13 (18 bunches). Block C had a BSR average 10.3 (14 bunches) calculated over 21 years, BSR maximum of 13.4 (18 bunches) and BSR minimum of 6.6 (9 bunches). Effectively this means that for block C on average only 14 palms per hectare out of a possible 136 palms were productive during a harvest round. The differences between blocks A/B and C are likely due to improved breeding; however their different ages, planting material and locations will be contributing factors and must be considered carefully. While increases in BSR are significant, in general they fall well short of theoretical. Maintaining a BSR48 could theoretically produce 57.29 t/ha, at least in block A. These results highlight the degree of variation within and between blocks. It is therefore important that managers, researchers and breeders are aware of, and understand palm growth and development from a commercial perspective. Increasing BSR and minimising fluctuations in yield have distinct commercial and logistical advantages.

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Page 19-22

Factors affecting the Use of eLearning Tools in a Student Centered Learning Environment
Ishara Silva

Abstract: Student centered learning is the modern trend in most of the education institutes. Variety of methods could be useful for learning in such environment. eLearning is one of the methods that could use to acquire knowledge in self-learning environment. Using quantitative approach, a case study was conducted to assess and compare the student's knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding eLearning in a student centered learning environment. This study finds that eLearning becomes more comprehensive and suitable for self-learners with less guidance. However, there are still many problems arise because of the knowledge capabilities, the need for appropriate tools and proper guidance when dealing with eLearning resources that hinder the implementation of self-study environment reforming the traditional class room methods. The problems encountered in the field include: unawareness of technology, unfamiliarity, willingness and the attitudes over changing from traditional to modern eLearning methods and study culture (traditional methods). Some recommendations included such as the proper usage of eLearning tools, guidance over mind set changing, providing relevant and accurate basic knowledge, providing adequate education on the resource usage and introducing the latest eLearning tools to ensure quality study environment.

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Page 23-28

Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Libya
Al-Hussein S. Mohsen

Abstract: Teaching of English in Libya goes back to 1940s after the end of the World War II under the British administration in the northern part of Libya. On 19.02.1968, the Minister of Education made a decision to form a committee for revising the Libyan educational system. It aimed at making English the language of instruction of scientific courses in the secondary school and university.

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Page 58-64