Scientific Research Journal, Volume XIII, Issue IV, April 2025 Edition

Scientific Research Journal

Scirj Volume XIII, Issue IV, April 2025 Edition
ISSN: 2201-2796

Publication starts: 15th April 2025
Full Paper available from: 15th April 2025

GEOCALCULATOR, AN APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOLUME OF SHALE AND FORMATION WATER RESISTIVITY FROM SP LOGS
Benson Akinbode Olisa, Adedamola Bill Folaranmi

Abstract: Formation evaluation in hydrocarbon exploration is focused on determining productive reservoirs in wells, if any, and the volume of hydrocarbon in said reservoirs. The volume of hydrocarbon in a reservoir depends on the water saturation, a function of its formation water resistivity. The calculation of formation water resistivity, volume of shale and hydrocarbon saturation from SP logs is dependent on several Petro-physical parameters which require complex calculations using many charts that are time consuming and error prone. This project designs and incorporates the use of a computer software designed to standardize results, reduce margin of error and the time spent on calculating these Petro-physical parameters which is especially valuable when working on data from a large number of reservoirs and wells. A standalone application software was designed for this project in Unity and the results were compared versus standard chart corrected calculations using data from existing literature. The maximum deviation falls within a rounding error at minimum and up to 7.2464% as formation water resistivity increases. The value falls well below 10% and is reasonably in range of values normally observed in the field and from chart calculated data. The calculated data allowed the detection of suspected errors in the published results of existing literature. The software has proven to be a fast technique of estimating formation water resistivity, volume of shale and hydrocarbon saturation and reduces the ambiguity in the use of charts for correcting Petro-physical parameters in well log analysis.

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Page 1-18

ANALYSIS OF AN UNSUPERVISED CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR LITHOFACIES CLASSIFICATION IN RIGA FIELD, NIGER DELTA
Olisa Benson Akinbode and Oluniyi Taiwo Samuel

Abstract: The study determined the optimum number of clusters that effectively capture lithological variations in subsurface formations and also emphasizes the application of these clustering algorithms for lithofacies classification. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to uncover hidden patterns in well logs in the Niger Delta RIGA field. This model successfully classified the data into 4 distinct clusters, revealing correlations with depth and gamma ray (GR) measurements. The developed clustering model was able to automatically classify the dataset into useful clusters, these clusters, when matched with depth, generated useful lithologies in the well RIGA-1 and RIGA-2. There are 4 clusters having 3 very visible clusters similar to Continental sands, Marginal marine sandstones and Shale. These mostly tie up with the changes in the logging measurements, decrease in Gamma Ray (GR) from around 4900m to 6100m, 7700 to 7600, 8500 - 9700 aligns with the blue clusters in Well 1 and Well 2.

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Page 19-31

RESERVOIR DELINIATION USING WELL LOG DATA IN NOLIX OIL FIELD NIGER DELTA
Olisa Benson Akinbode

Abstract: The sand in the Nolix oil field is vertically stacked and can be correlated from well to well. Three oil wells were used for the analysis, Nolix-01, Nolix-02 and Nolix-03. Three sand levels, sand 1, sand 2 and sand 3 are established stratigraphically in each well using gamma ray (GR) logs. Sand 1 in Nolix-01 is the shallowest in Nolix well and appear at 6060ft-6140ft (true vertical depth subsea, TDVSS). The thickness is 80ft (24m). Reservoir analysis was carried out with the use of log motif (shape or pattern) of the GR and resistivity curves in combination. The reservoirs identified were point bars and barrier bar sands. In Nolix-03 well, sand 3 range from 7560ft-7860ft (true vertical depth subsea, TDVSS). The thickness is 300ft (109m), the electric log patterns are serrated blocky and blocky.

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Page 32-46

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN IoT-BASED FACE RECOGNITION SMART ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Nnajiofor George Anayo, Cosmas Kemdirim Agubor, Longinus Sunday Ezema, Amadi Christopher Chidi

Abstract: This thesis presents a smart IoT-based face recognition access control system. Initially, users must enter a password. If the password is correct, the door unlocks automatically; if incorrect, the system triggers an alarm, captures images of the user, and sends a security alert with the photos to the rightful owner via the Telegram application. The system captures the intruder face and denies access to unauthorized users if the captured face does not match the stored one. It allows authorized users to enter and exit restricted areas and features real-time image capture and transmission of the intruder photos.

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Page 47-63

ANTHOCYANINS EXTRACTION FROM CAMOTE TOPS (Ipomoea batatas) LEAVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE pH INDICATOR AND ITS COLOR CHART
CHINEE I. FLORES, KIMBERLY L. GALON, GENEVIEVE M. MANLUNAS, DEXTER P. PALAWAN , CHLERA MEIAH M. TALONDATA, DANAH ROSE ANDREA M. DULANA, HARDY M. BANGKAS

Abstract: The role of pH indicator was used in various ways including measuring the pH of farm soil, different household substances and bodies of water. This comparative experimental study was conducted to prove and present an alternative pH indicator that can measure accurate pH level of a substance with distinct color change and wavelength that can be observed with the color chart of alternative pH indicator as the output of this study. In addition, this study considered the role of anthocyanin content of camote tops leaves extract on the absorption of light and in spectrophotometeric analysis and compare its efficacy with Phenol red. Researchers applied two concentration in testing: 300mL of water: 5 grams of camote tops leaves: 180 mL of ethanol; and 400mL of water: 5 grams of camote tops leaves: 240 mL of ethanol in different volume of 3mL, 5mL, and 10mL of camote tops leaves extract. The results indicated that both concentrations compared to Phenol red in terms of pH level and wavelength the two pH indicators showed no significant difference but had a significant difference in terms of color change. The researchers concluded that anthocyanins from camote tops leaves extract can be an alternative pH indicator that shows a wide pH range from 2-11 levels (pink as acid, green as basic to yellow in highly basic). The researchers developed a pH color chart of camote tops leaves extract recommended for measuring pH level of household substances, farm soil, bodies of water, and are readily available science experiments that can benefit farmers, teachers, and students.

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Page 64-77